ISBN online: 978-80-244-4992-0, 978-80-244-5003-2 | DOI: 10.5507/ftk.16.24449920

Physical literacy in the Czech Republic

Jana Vašíčková

The present publication introduces the concept of physical literacy. The kind of literacy is essential because it affects individual lifestyle and, in turn, also lifestyle of society. A physically literate person is responsible for his/her own health and has physical abilities, skills, knowledge and self-confidence allowing him to take part in and enjoy life-long physical activities. Therefore, we have attempted to provide readers with a compact insight into the issue. By means of research findings we would like to promote dissemination of this concept to wider audience. We present findings regarding the adolescents' motivation for physical activity, attitude of pupils towards variously focused physical education lessons, actual levels of physical activity in adult population etc.

1. edition, online: 2016, publisher: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, Křížkovského 8, 771 47 Olomouc



References

  1. Alderman, B. L., Beighle, A., & Pangrazi, R. P. (2006). Enhancing motivation in physical education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 77(2), 41-51. Go to original source...
  2. Alderman, B. L., Benham-Deal, T., Beighle, A., Erwin, H. E., & Olson, R. L. (2012). Physical education's contribution to daily physical activity among middle school youth. Pediatric Exercise Science, 24(4), 634-648. Go to original source...
  3. Almond, L. (2010). Physical literacy and the older adult population. In M. E. Whitehead (Ed.), Physical literacy throughout the lifecourse (pp. 116-129). Oxon, UK: Routledge.
  4. Antala, B. (2012). Telesná a športová výchova v názoroch žiakov základných a stredných škôl. Bratislava: NŠC, FTVŠ UK.
  5. Antala, B., et al. (2014). Telesná a športová výchova a súčasná škola. Bratislava: NŠC, FTVŠ UK.
  6. Armstrong, N., & Welsman, J. R. (2006). The physical activity patterns of European youth with reference to methods of assessment. Sports Medicine, 36(12), 1067-1086. Go to original source...
  7. Atkinson, M. (2012). Key concepts in sport and exercise research methods. London, UK: SAGE Publication Ltd. Go to original source...
  8. Bac, A., Woźniacka, R., Matusik, S., Golec, J., & Golec, E. (2012). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 6-13 years-alarming increase in obesity in Cracow, Poland. European Journal of Pediatrics, 171(2), 245-251. doi:10.1007/s00431-011-1519-1 Go to original source...
  9. Bailey, R. (2006). Physical education and sport in schools: A review of benefits and outcomes. Journal of School Health, 76(8), 397-401. Go to original source...
  10. Balyi, I., & Staff ord, I. (2005). Coaching for long-term athlete development. Leeds, UK: Coachwise.
  11. Barnekow-Bergkvist, M., Hedberg, G., Janlert, U., & Jansson, E. (1996). Physical activity pattern in men and women at the ages of 16 and 34 and development of physical activity from adolescence to adulthood. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 6(6), 359-370. Go to original source...
  12. Barnett, L. M., van Beurden, E., Morgan, P. J., Brooks, L. O., & Beard, J. R. (2009). Childhood motor skill proficiency as a predictor of adolescent physical activity. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(3), 252-259. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.07.004 Go to original source...
  13. Bartík, P. (2009). Postoje žiakov základných škôl k telesnej výchove a športu a úroveň ich teoretických vedomostí z telesnej výchovy v intenciách vzdelávacieho štandardu. Banská Bystrica: FHV UMB.
  14. Bartík, P., & Mesiarik, P. (2009). Postoje žiakov deviateho ročníka základných škôl v stredoslovenskom regióne k školskej telesnej výchove a športu. Telesná výchova a šport, 19(1), 4-6. Go to original source...
  15. Bauman, A. E., Bull, F. C., Chey, T., Craig, C. L., Ainsworth, B. E., Sallis, J. F., … The IPS Group. (2009). The international prevalence study on physical activity: Results from 20 countries. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 6(1), 21. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-6-21 Go to original source...
  16. Beighle, A., Morgan, C. F., & Pangrazi, R. P. (2004). Using pedometers in elementary physical education. Teaching Elementary Physical Education, 15(1), 17-18.
  17. Bell, K. W. (1997). The relationship between perceived physical competence and the physical activity patterns of fifth and seventh grade children. Doctoral thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia, US.
  18. Bergman, P., Grjibovski, A. M., Hagströmer, M., Bauman, A., & Sjöström, M. (2008). Adherence to physical activity recommendations and the influence of socio-demographic correlates - a population-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 8, 367. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-8-367 Go to original source...
  19. Bernstein, E., Phillips, S. R., & Silverman, S. (2011). Attitudes and perceptions of middle school students toward competitive activities in physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 30(1), 69-83. Go to original source...
  20. Bernstein, M. S., Costanza, M. C., & Morabia, A. (2001). Physical activity of urban adults: A general population survey in Geneva. Sozial- und Präventivmedizin/Social and Preventive Medicine, 46(1), 49-59. doi:10.1007/BF01318798 Go to original source...
  21. Bertrais, S., Preziosi, P., Mennen, L., Galan, P., Hercberg, S., & Oppert, J.-M. (2004). Sociodemographic and geographic correlates of meeting current recommendations for physical activity in middle-aged French adults: The Supplementation en Vitamines et Mineraux Antioxydants (SUVIMAX) study. American Journal of Public Health, 94(9), 1560-1566. doi:10.2105/ajph.94.9.1560 Go to original source...
  22. Biddle, S. J. H., & Wang, C. K. J. (2003). Motivation and self-perception profiles and links with physical activity in adolescent girls. Journal of Adolescence, 26(6), 687-701. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2003.07.003 Go to original source...
  23. Blair, S. N. (2007). Physical inactivity: A major public health problem. Nutrition Bulletin, 32, 113-117. doi:10.1111/j.1467-3010.2007.00632.x Go to original source...
  24. Bowes, M., & Bruce, J. (2011). Curriculum liquefaction (shifting sands) in senior school physical education in New Zealand: Critical pedagogical approaches and dilemmas. Asia-Pacific Journal of Health, Sport and Physical Education, 2(3-4), 17-33. doi:10.1080/18377122.2011.9730357 Go to original source...
  25. Braithwaite, R., Spray, C. M., & Warburton, V. E. (2011). Motivational climate interventions in physical education: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12(6), 628-638. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.06.005 Go to original source...
  26. Brawley, L. R., Rejeski, W. J., & King, A. C. (2003). Promoting physical activity for older adults: The challenges for changing behavior. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25(3, Supplement 2), 172-183. doi:10.1016/ S0749-3797 (03)00182-X Go to original source...
  27. Bronikowski, M. (2007). Niedostatki i potrzeby współczesnego wychowania fizycznego [Insufficiencies and needs in the present physical education]. Wychowanie Fizyczne i Sport, 52(2), 113-123.
  28. Bronikowski, M., & Bronikowska, M. (2008). Wychowanie fizyczne poszukujące, czyli praktyczne przykłady realizacji nowej strategii edukacji fizycznej (In search of physical education - practical examples to realize new strategy in physical education). Lider, 4, 19-22.
  29. Bronikowski, M., & Bronikowska, M. (2009). Salutogenesis as a framework for improving health resources of adolescent boys. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 37, 525-531. doi:10.1177/1403494809105289 Go to original source...
  30. Bronikowski, M., & Bronikowska, M. (2011). Will they stay fit and healthy? A three-year follow-up evaluation of a physical activity and health intervention in Polish youth. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 39(7), 704-713. doi:10.1177/1403494811421059 Go to original source...
  31. Bryl, W., Hoffmann, K., Miczke, A., & Pupek-Musialik, D. (2006). Otyłość w młodym wieku - epidemiologia, konsekwencje zdrowotne, konieczność prewencji. (Obesity of children and adolescents - epidemiology, consequences, and prevention). Przewodnik Lekarza, 9, 91-95.
  32. Budde, H., Voelcker-Rehage, C., Pietraßyk-Kendziorra, S., Ribeiro, P., & Tidow, G. (2008). Acute coordinative exercise improves attentional performance in adolescents. Neuroscience Letters, 441(2), 219-223. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.024 Go to original source...
  33. Bunc, V. (2008). Nadváha a obezita dětí - životní styl jako příčina a důsledek. Česká kinatropologie, 12(3), 61-69.
  34. Burgess, G., Grogan, S., & Burwitz, L. (2006). Effects of a 6-week aerobic dance intervention on body image and physical self-perceptions in adolescent girls. Body Image, 3(1), 57-66. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.10.005 Go to original source...
  35. Burton, L. C., Shapiro, S., & German, P. S. (1999). Determinants of physical activity initiation and maintenance among community-dwelling older persons. Preventive Medicine, 29(5), 422-430. doi:10.1006/pmed.1999.0561 Go to original source...
  36. Burton, N. W., & Turrell, G. (2000). Occupation, hours worked, and leisure-time physical activity. Preventive Medicine, 31(6), 673-681. doi:10.1006/pmed.2000.0763 Go to original source...
  37. Cabak, A., & Woynarowska, B. (2004). Aktywność fizyczna młodzieży w wieku 11-15 lat w Polsce i w innych krajach w 2002 roku (Physical activity of adolescents aged 11-15 in Poland and other countries in 2002). Wychowanie Fizyczne i Sport, 48(4), 355-360.
  38. Cale, L. (2000). Physical activity promotion in secondary schools. European Physical Education Review, 6(1), 71-90. doi:10.1177/1356336X000061006 Go to original source...
  39. Caspersen, C. J., Powell, K. E., & Christenson, G. M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: Definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Reports, 100(2), 126-131.
  40. Castelli, D. M., Centeio, E. E., Beighle, A. E., Carson, R. L., & Nicksic, H. M. (2014). Physical literacy and Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs. Preventive Medicine, 66, 95-100. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.06.007 Go to original source...
  41. Coe, D. P., Pivarnik, J. M., Womack, C. J., Reeves, M. J., & Malina, R. M. (2006). Effect of physical education and activity levels on academic achievement in children. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(8), 1515-1519. doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000227537.13175.1b Go to original source...
  42. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  43. Colchico, K., Zybert, P., & Basch, C. E. (2000). Effects of after-school physical activity on fitness, fatness, and cognitive self-perceptions: A pilot study among urban, minority adolescent girls. American Journal of Public Health, 90(6), 977-978. Go to original source...
  44. Commitee of Ministers. (1992). The European sports charter. Retrieved 10. 06. 2015, from http://www.ethicsandsport.com/public/uploads/files/The_European_Sports_Charter% 5B1%5D.pdf
  45. Contento, I. R., Manning, A. D., & Shannon, B. (1992). Research perspective on school-based nutrition education. Journal of Nutrition Education, 24(5), 247-260. Go to original source...
  46. Cortina, J. M., & Nouri, H. (2000). Effect size for ANOVA design. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publications. Go to original source...
  47. Cothran, D. J., & Kulinna, P. H. (2007). Students' reports of misbehavior in physical education. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 78(3), 216-234. Go to original source...
  48. Council of Europe. (2003). Recommendation Rec(2003)6 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on improving physical education and sport for children and young people in all European countries. Strassbourg, FR: Council of Europe.
  49. Cox, M., Schofield, G. M., Greasley, N., & Kolt, G. S. (2006). Pedometer steps in primary school-aged children: A comparison of school-based and out-of-school activity. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 9(1-2), 91-97. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2005.11.003 Go to original source...
  50. Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjostrom, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., … Oja, P. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(8), 1381-1395. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB Go to original source...
  51. Crane, J., & Temple, V. (2015). A systematic review of dropout from organized sport among children and youth. European Physical Education Review, 21(1), 114-131. doi:10.1177/1356336x14555294 Go to original source...
  52. Crouter, S. E., Schneider, P. L., Karabulut, M., & Bassett, D. R., Jr. (2003). Validity of 10 electronic pedometers for measuring steps, distance, and energy cost. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(8), 1455-1460. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000078932.61440.A2 Go to original source...
  53. Cuddihy, T. F., Pangrazi, R. P., & Tomson, L. M. (2005). Pedometers: Answers to FAQs from teachers. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 76(2), 36-40. doi:10.1080/07303084.2005.10607333 Go to original source...
  54. Cull, A., Sprangers, M., Bjordal, K., Aaronson, N., West, K., & Bottomlex, A. (2002). EORTC quality of life group. Translation procedure. Brussels, BEL: EORTC.
  55. Currie, C., Zanotti, C., Morgan, A., Currie, D., de Looze, M., Roberts, C., … Barnekow, V. (Eds.). (2012). Social determinants of health and well-being among young people. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: International report from the 2009/2010 survey. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
  56. Čechovská, I., & Dobrý, L. (2010). Význam a místo pohybové gramotnosti v životě člověka. Tělesná výchova a sport mládeže, 76(3), 2-5.
  57. Čechovská, I., Chrudimský, J., Novotná, V., & Vindušková, J. (2011). Povědomí uchazečů o studium na FTVS UK o pohybové gramotnosti. Česká kinantropologie, 15(3), 47-55.
  58. Černá, M. (2011). Vliv ideálu štíhlosti na dospívající dívky a riziko vzniku poruch příjmu potravy. Magisterská práce, Univerzita Tomáše Bati ve Zlíně, Zlín.
  59. Červinka, P. (2013). Možnosti využití dat získaných z internetu v kinantropologickém výzkumu na příkladu studie o vztahu školáků k tělesné výchově. Česká kinantropologie, 17(3), 47-59.
  60. Dale, D., Corbin, C. B., & Dale, K. S. (2000). Restricting opportunities to be active during school time: Do children compensate by increasing physical activity levels after school? Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71(3), 240-248. Go to original source...
  61. De Bourdeaudhuij, I. M., Simon, C., De Meester, F., Van Lenthe, F., Spittaels, H., Lien, N., … Haerens, L. (2011). Are physical activity interventions equally effective in adolescents of low and high socio-economic status (SES): Results from the European Teenage project. Health Education Research, 26(1), 119-130. doi:10.1093/her/cyq080 Go to original source...
  62. De Meester, F., van Lenthe, F. J., Spittaels, H., Lien, N., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. M. (2009). Interventions for promoting physical activity among European teenagers: A systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 6(1), 82. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-6-82 Go to original source...
  63. De Vries, S. I., Bakker, I., Hopman-Rock, M., Hirasing, R. A., & Van Mechelen, W. (2006). Clinimetric review of motion sensors in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 59(7), 670-680. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.11.020 Go to original source...
  64. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, D. R. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York, NY: Plenum Publishing Co. Go to original source...
  65. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1994). Promoting self-determined education. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 38(1), 3-41. Go to original source...
  66. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Motivation, personality, and development within embedded social contexts: An overview of self-determination theory. In R. M. Ryan (Ed.), Oxford handbook of human motivation (pp. 85-107). Oxford, UK: Oxford Univer sity Press. Go to original source...
  67. Dictionary.com. (2014). Dictionary.com. Retrieved 13. 8. 2014, from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/literacy?s=t
  68. Digelidis, N., Papaioannou, A., Laparidis, K., & Christodoulidis, T. (2003). A one-year intervention in 7th grade physical education classes aiming to change motivational climate and attitudes towards exercise. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 4(3), 195-210. doi:10.1016/S1469-0292(02)00002-X Go to original source...
  69. Dishman, R. K., Motl, R. W., Saunders, R., Felton, G., Ward, D. S., Dowda, M., & Pate, R. R. (2004). Self-efficacy partially mediates the effect of a school-based physical-activity intervention among adolescent girls. Preventive Medicine, 38(5), 628-636. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.12.007 Go to original source...
  70. Dobbins, M., De Corby, K., Robeson, P., Husson, H., & Tirilis, D. (2009). School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6-18. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1, CD007651. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007651 Go to original source...
  71. Dobbins, M., Husson, H., DeCorby, K., & LaRocca, R. L. (2013). School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, CD007651. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007651.pub2 Go to original source...
  72. Dobrý, L., Čechovská, I., Kračmar, B., Psotta, R., & Süss, V. (2009). Kinantropologie a pohybové aktivity. In V. Mužík & V. Süss (Eds.), Tělesná výchova a sport mládeže v 21. století (pp. 8-16). Brno: Masarykova univerzita.
  73. Droomers, M., Schrijvers, C. T. M., & Mackenbach, J. P. (2001). Educational level and decreases in leisure time physical activity: Predictors from the longitudinal GLOBE study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 55(8), 562-568. Go to original source...
  74. Drygas, W., Kwaśniewska, M., Szcześniewska, D., Kozakiewicz, K., Głuszek, J., Wiercińska, E., … Kurjata, P. (2005). Assessment of physical activity level in Polish adults. The results from the WOBASZ Project. Polish Population Review, 27, 76-82.
  75. Duda, J. L., Chi, L., Newton, M. L., Walling, M. D., & Catley, D. (1995). Task and ego orientation and intrinsic motivation in sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 26, 40-63.
  76. Dunn, C., Thomas, C., Green, C., & Mick, J. (2006). The impact of interactive multimedia on nutrition and physical activity knowledge of high school students. Journal of Extension, 44(2), 2fea6.
  77. Dwyer, T., Sallis, J. F., Blizzard, L., Lazarus, R., & Dean, K. (2001). Relation of academic performance to physical activity and fitness in children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 13(3), 225-237. Go to original source...
  78. EU Working Group. (2008). EU physical activity guidelines. Recommended policy actions in support of health engahcing physical activity. Brussels, BEL: European Commission.
  79. Fairclough, S. J., & Stratton, G. (2006). A review of physical activity levels during elementary school physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 25(2), 239-257. Go to original source...
  80. Ferguson, K. J., Yesalis, C. E., Pomrehn, P. R., & Kirkpatrick, M. B. (1989). Attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs as predictors of exercise intent and behavior in schoolchildren. Journal of School Health, 59(3), 112-115. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1989.tb04675.x Go to original source...
  81. Finkelstein, E. A., Brown, D. S., Brown, D. R., & Buchner, D. M. (2008). A randomized study of financial incentives to increase physical activity among sedentary older adults. Preventive Medicine, 47(2), 182-187. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.05.002 Go to original source...
  82. Fogelman, Y., Bloch, B., & Kahan, E. (2004). Assessment of participation in physical activities and relationship to socioeconomic and health factors: The controversial value of self-perception. Patient Education and Counseling, 53(1), 95-99. doi:10.1016/S0738-3991(03)00119-8 Go to original source...
  83. Fox, K. R., Cooper, A., & McKenna, J. (2004). The school and the promotion of children's health-enhancing physical activity: Perspectives from the United Kingdom. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 23, 338-358. Go to original source...
  84. Frederick, C. M., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). Differences in motivation for sport and exercise and their relations with participation and mental health. Journal of Sport Behavior, 16(3), 124-156.
  85. Frömel, K., Bauman, A., Bláha, L., Feltlová, D., Fojtík, I., Hájek, J., … Šebrle, Z. (2006). Intenzita a objem pohybové aktivity 15-69leté populace České republiky. Česká kinantropologie, 10(1), 13-27.
  86. Frömel, K., El Ansari, W., & Vašíčková, J. (2009). The impact of teaching physical education to Czech school children using progressive teaching approaches: Findings of a four-year study. Central European Journal of Public Health, 17(3), 161-168. Go to original source...
  87. Frömel, K., Novosad, J., & Svozil, Z. (1999). Pohybová aktivita a sportovní zájmy mládeže. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého.
  88. Frömel, K., Vasendova, J., & Krapkova, J. (2000). Esthetic aspects of physical education classes for girls. Physical Educator, 57(3), 146-160.
  89. Frömel, K., Vasendova, J., Stratton, G., & Pangrazi, R. P. (2002). Dance as a fitness activity: The impact of teaching style and dance form. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 73(5), 26-30, 54. doi:10.1080/07303084.2002.10607805 Go to original source...
  90. Frömel, K., Vašíčková, J., Svozil, Z., Chmelík, F., Skalik, K., & Groffik, D. (2014). Secular trends in pupils' assessments of physical education lessons in regard to their self-perception of physical fitness across the educational systems of Czech Republic and Poland. European Physical Education Review, 20(2), 145-164. doi:10.1177/1356336x13508684 Go to original source...
  91. Fuchs, R. (2015). Physical activity and health. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed., pp. 87-90). Oxford, UK: Elsevier. Go to original source...
  92. Garcia, A. W., & King, A. C. (1991). Predicting long-term adherence to aerobic exercise: A comparison of two models. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(4), 394-410. Go to original source...
  93. Gay, G. (2006). Connection between classroom management and culturally responsive teaching. In C. M. Evertson & C. S. Weinstein (Eds.), Handbook of classroom management: Research, practice and contemporary issues (pp. 343-370). New York, NY: Routledge.
  94. Gordon-Larsen, P., Nelson, M. C., & Popkin, B. M. (2004). Longitudinal physical activity and sedentary behavior trends: Adolescence to adulthood. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 27(4), 277-283. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.07.006 Go to original source...
  95. Górna, K., Bartoszewicz, R., Koszczyc, T., Bebčáková, V., Frömel, K., Svozil, Z., & Mitáš, J. (2002). Pedagogická praxe studentů tělesné výchovy v mezinárodním kontextu. Česká kinantropologie, 6(1), 51-64.
  96. Grohan, S. (2008). Body image: Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women and children (2nd ed.). Hove, UK: Routledge.
  97. Harber, V., & Schleppe, S. (2010). Promoting early physical literacy in Alberta. WellSpring, 21(4), 1-4.
  98. Hardman, K. (2007). Current situation and prospects for physical education in the European Union. ICSSPE Bulletin, 50, 39-43.
  99. Hardman, K. (2008a). Situation and sustainability of physical education in schools: A global perspective. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences, 19(1), 1-22.
  100. Hardman, K. (2008b). The situation of physical education in schools: A European perspective. Human Movement, 9(1), 5-18. doi:10.2478/v10038-008-0001-z Go to original source...
  101. Hardman, K., & Marshall, J. J. (2001). World-wide survey on the state and status of physical education in schools. In G. Doll-Tepper & D. Scoretz (Eds.), Proceedings - World Summit on Physical Education - 1999 (pp. 15-37). Berlin: ICS SPE/CIEPSS.
  102. Hartman-Tews, I. (2006). Social stratification in sport and sport policy in the European Union. European Journal for Sport and Society, 3(2), 109-124. Go to original source...
  103. Haydn-Davies, D. (2005). How does the concept of physical literacy relate to what is and what could be the practice of physical education? British Journal of Teaching Physical Education, 36(3), 45-48.
  104. Henderson, K. A. (1997). A critique of constraints theory: A response. Journal of Leisure Research, 29(4), 453-457. Go to original source...
  105. Hendl, J. (2009). Význam teorie při přípravě a implementaci programů pro zvýšení pohybové aktivnosti. In V. Mužík & V. Süss (Eds.), Tělesná výchova a sport mládeže v 21. století (pp. 34-44). Brno: Masarykova univerzita.
  106. Hills, A. P., Dengel, D. R., & Lubans, D. R. (2015). Supporting public health priorities: Recommendations for physical education and physical activity promotion in schools. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 57(4), 368-374. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2014.09.010 Go to original source...
  107. Hinch, T., Jackson, E. L., Hudson, S., & Walker, G. (2005). Leisure constraint theory and sport tourism. Sport in Society, 8(2), 142-163. doi:10.1080/17430430500087435 Go to original source...
  108. Hodaň, B. (2006). Sociokulturní kinantropologie I. Úvod do problematiky. Brno: Masarykova univerzita.
  109. Horáková, N. (2004). Problémy harmonizace rodinného a pracovního života. Naše společnost, 2(2), 1-7.
  110. Hřibňák, M. (2013). Pohybově vzdělaný člověk v kontextu současné tělesné výchovy. Magisterská práce, Univerzita Palackého, Fakulta tělesné kultury, Olomouc.
  111. Chmelík, F., Frömel, K., & Svozil, Z. (2007). Student teacher ability to apply progressive intervention in both their majors during teaching practice. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis. Gymnica, 37(4), 31-36.
  112. Chmelík, F., Frömel, K., & Svozil, Z. (2008). Metodologická specifika volby jednotky statistické analýzy v kinantropologickém výzkumu. Tělesná kultura, 31(1), 7-19. Go to original source...
  113. Chmelík, F., Frömel, K., Svozil, Z., & Maleňáková, Š. (2007). Vliv vyššího tělesného zatížení na vztah žáků k vyučovacím jednotkám tělesné výchovy. Česká kinantropologie, 11(4), 33-39.
  114. Chráska, M. (2007). Metody pedagogického výzkumu. Praha: Grada Publishing, a. s.
  115. Chytil, J. (2002). Program dotaznik 2002. Diagnostika vyučovacích a tréninkových jednotek [Computer software]. Olomouc: SoftWare Centrum.
  116. Iannotti, R. J., Chen, R., Kololo, H., Petronyte, G., Haug, E., & Robert, C. (2013). Motivations for adolescent participation in leisure-time physical activity: International differences. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 10(1), 106-112. Go to original source...
  117. IBM Corp. (2013). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
  118. Jackson, E. L., Crawford, D. W., & Godbey, G. (1993). Negotiation of leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 15(1), 1-11. doi:10.1080/014904 09309513182 Go to original source...
  119. Jansa, P., & Kovář, K. (2010). Vybrané determinanty životního stylu učitelů základních škol. Tělesná kultura, 33(1), 57-68. Go to original source...
  120. Jurakić, D., Pedišić, Ž., & Andrijašević, M. (2009). Physical activity of Croatian population: Cross-sectional study using International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Croatian Medical Journal, 50(2), 165-173. doi:10.3325/cmj.2009.50.165 Go to original source...
  121. Kahan, E., Fogelman, Y., & Bloch, B. (2005). Correlations of work, leisure, and sports physical activities and health status with socioeconomic factors: A national study in Israel. Postgradual Medical Journal, 81(954), 262-265. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2004.022293 Go to original source...
  122. Kahn, E. B., Ramsey, L. T., Brownson, R. C., Heath, G. W., Howze, E. H., Powell, K. E., … Corso, P. (2002). The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity: A systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 22(4, Supplement 1), 73-107. doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00434-8 Go to original source...
  123. Kantomaa, M. T., Purtsi, J., Taanila, A. M., Remes, J., Viholainen, H., Rintala, P., … Tammelin, T. H. (2011). Suspected motor problems and low preference for active play in childhood are associated with physical inactivity and low fitness in adolescence. PloS one, 6(1), e14554. doi:10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0014554 Go to original source...
  124. Keeley, T. J. H., & Fox, K. R. (2009). The impact of physical activity and fitness on academic achievement and cognitive performance in children. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2(2), 198-214. doi:10.1080/17509840903233822 Go to original source...
  125. Killingbeck, M., Bowler, M., Golding, D., & Sammon, P. (2007). Physical education and physical literacy. Physical Education Matters, 2(2), 20-24.
  126. King, A. C., Kiernan, M., Oman, R. F., Kraemer, H. C., Hull, M., & Ahn, D. (1997). Can we identify who will adhere to long-term physical activity? Signal detection methodology as a potential aid to clinical decision making. Health Psychology, 16(4), 380-389. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.16.4.380 Go to original source...
  127. Koeneman, M. A., Verheijden, M. W., Chinapaw, M. J., & Hopman-Rock, M. (2011). Determinants of physical activity and exercise in healthy older adults: A systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8(1), 142. doi:10.1186/1479-5868-8-142 Go to original source...
  128. Kolovelonis, A., Goudas, M., Hassandra, M., & Dermitzaki, I. (2012). Self-regulated learning in physical education: Examining the effects of emulative and self-control practice. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(4), 383-389. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.01.005 Go to original source...
  129. Kriemler, S., Meyer, U., Martin, E., Van Sluijs, E. M. F., Andersen, L. B., & Martin, B. W. (2011). Effect of school-based interventions on physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents: A review of reviews and systematic update. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(11), 923-930. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090186 Go to original source...
  130. Křen, F., Chmelík, F., Fical, P., Fical, J., Kudláček, M., & Mitáš, J. (2007). Indares.com - online system [Computer software]. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého.
  131. Kudláček, M., & Frömel, K. (2012). Sportovní preference a pohybová aktivita studentek a studentů středních škol. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého.
  132. Kulinna, P. H., Cothran, D., J., & Regualos, R. (2006). Teachers' reports of student misbehavior in physical education. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77(1), 32-40. Go to original source...
  133. Lagnerová, L. (2010). Změny pohybového chování studentů v Soběslavi z hlediska motivů pro realizaci pohybových aktivit. Magisterská práce, Univerzita Palackého, Fakulta tělesné kultury, Olomouc.
  134. Lau, D. C. W. (2007). Synopsis of the 2006 Canadian clinical practice guidelines on the management and prevention of obesity in adults and children. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 176(8), 1103-1106. doi:10.1503/cmaj.070306 Go to original source...
  135. Le Masurier, G. C., & Corbin, C. B. (2006). Steps counts among middle school students vary with aerobic fitness level. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77(1), 14-22. Go to original source...
  136. Lee, L.-L., Kuo, Y.-C., Fanaw, D., Perng, S.-J., & Juang, I.-F. (2012). The effect of an intervention combining self-efficacy theory and pedometers on promoting physical activity among adolescents. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21(7/8), 914-922. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03881.x Go to original source...
  137. Li, F., Fisher, J., & Brownson, R. C. (2005). A multilevel analysis of change in neighborhood walking activity in older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 13(2), 145-159. Go to original source...
  138. Lloyd, M., Colley, R. C., & Tremblay, M. S. (2010). Advancing the debate on 'Fitness Testing' for children: Perhaps we're riding the wrong animal. Pediatric Exercise Science, 22(2), 176-182. Go to original source...
  139. Lobstein, T., Baur, L. A., & Uauy, R. (2004). Obesity in children and young people: A crisis in public health. Obesity Reviews, 5(Suppl. 1), 4-85. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2004.00133.x Go to original source...
  140. Lonsdale, C., Sabiston, C. M., Raedeke, T. D., Ha, A. S. C., & Sum, R. K. W. (2009). Self-determined motivation and students' physical activity during structured physical education lessons and free choice periods. Preventive Medicine, 48(1), 69-73. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.09.013 Go to original source...
  141. Loucaides, C. A., Chedzoy, S. M., & Bennett, N. (2003). Pedometer-assessed physical (ambulatory) activity in Cypriot children. European Physical Education Review, 9(1), 43-55. doi:10.1177/1356336x03009001179 Go to original source...
  142. Lubans, D. R., Morgan, P. J., Callister, R., & Collins, C. E. (2009). Effects of integrating pedometers, parental materials, and e-mail support within an extracurricular school sport intervention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44, 176-183. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.06.020 Go to original source...
  143. Ludviková, M. (2010). Postoje žiakov stredných škôl k telesnej výchove a pohybovým aktivitám v štáte Virginia v USA. In Pohybová aktivita v živote človeka. Pohyb detí (pp. 111-117). Prešov: Prešovská univerzita v Prešove, Fakulta športu.
  144. Luepker, R. V., Perry, C. L., McKinlay, S. M., Nader, P. R., Parcel, G. S., Stone, E. J., … the CATCH collaborative group. (1996). Outcomes of a field trial to improve children's dietary patterns and physical activity: The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH). JAMA: the Journal of American Medical Association, 275(10), 768-776. doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530340032026 Go to original source...
  145. Luke, M. D., & Sinclair, G. D. (1991). Gender differences in adolescents' attitudes toward school physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 11(1), 31-46. Go to original source...
  146. Mandigo, J., Francis, N., Lodewyk, K., & Lopez, R. (2009). Physical literacy for educators. Physical and Health Education Journal, 75(3), 27-30.
  147. Marešová, K. (2014). The costs of physical inactivity in the Czech Republic in 2008. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 11(3), 489-494. doi:10.1123/jpah.2012-0165 Go to original source...
  148. McAuley, E., Morris, K. S., Motl, R. W., Hu, L., Konopack, J. F., & Elavsky, S. (2007). Long-term follow-up of physical activity behavior in older adults. Health Psychology, 26(3), 375-380. doi:10.1037/0278-6133.26.3.375 Go to original source...
  149. McKenzie, T. L., & Lounsbery, M. A. F. (2009). School physical education: The pill not taken. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 3(3), 219-225. doi:10.1177/1559827609331562 Go to original source...
  150. McKenzie, T. L., Sallis, J. F., Prochaska, J. J., Conway, T. L., Marshall, S. J., & Rosengard, P. (2004). Evaluation of a two-year middle-school physical education intervention: M-SPAN. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(8), 1382-1388. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000135792.20358.4D Go to original source...
  151. Mitáš, J., & Frömel, K. (2005). Social and relational interactions in different types of PE lessons during student teachers' practice teaching. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis. Gymnica, 35(2), 19-25.
  152. Mitáš, J., & Frömel, K. (2013). Pohybová aktivita české dospělé populace v kontextu podmínek prostředí. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého in Olomouc.
  153. Morgan, C. F., Pangrazi, R. P., & Beighle, A. (2003). Using pedometers to promote physical activity in physical education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 74(7), 33-38. Go to original source...
  154. Morse, D. T. (1999). MINSIZE2: A computer program for determining effect size and minimum sample size for statistical significance for univariate, multivariate, and nonparametric tests. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 59(3), 518-531. doi:10.1177/00131649921969901 Go to original source...
  155. Motl, R. W. (2007). Theoretical models for understanding physical activity behavior among children and adolescents - Social cognitive theory and Self-determination theory. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 26(4), 350-357. Go to original source...
  156. Mužík, V., & Krejčí, M. (1997). Tělesná výchova a zdraví. Olomouc: HANEX.
  157. Mužík, V., & Vlček, P. (Eds.). (2010). Škola, pohyb a zdraví: Výzkumné výsledky a projekty. Brno: Masarykova univerzita.
  158. Mužík, V., Vrbas, J., & Trávníček, M. (2014). Projekt Pohyb a výživa na 1. stupni ZŠ. In H. Klimtová (Ed.), Mezinárodní seminář pedagogické kinantropologie. Frýdlant nad Ostravicí. (pp. 191-205). Ostrava: Ostravská univerzita.
  159. Národní ústav pro vzdělávání. (2014). Pohyb a výživa: Šest priorit v pohybovém a výživovém režimu žáků na 1. stupni ZŠ. Praha: Národní ústav pro vzdělávání.
  160. Neuls, F., Vašíčková, J., & Svozil, Z. (2014). Self-perceived fitness of pupils and its impact on attitude toward physical education lessons [CD]. In D. Dasheva, B. Antala, S. Djobova, & M. Kuleva (Eds.), 9th FIEP European Congress. 7th International Scientific Congress "Sport, Stress, Adaptation". Congress Proceedings (pp. 385-390). Sofia: Sport and Science Magazine.
  161. Neuls, F., Vašíčková, J., & Vysloužilová, L. (2014). Students' attitudes to PE lessons with respect to lesson content, sex, and type of school. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 9(1Proc), S326-S334. doi:10.14198/jhse.2014.9.Proc1.16 Go to original source...
  162. Nicaise, V., Cogérino, G., Bois, J., & Amorose, A. J. (2006). Students' perceptions of teacher feedback and physical competence in physical education classes: Gender effects. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 25(1), 36-57. Go to original source...
  163. Nicholls, J. (1984). Conceptions of ability and achievement motivation. In R. Ames & C. Ames (Eds.), Research on motivation in education: Student motivation (Vol. 1, pp. 39-73). New York: Academic Press.
  164. Nováková, T., & Čechovská, I. (2012). Ontogenetické předpoklady pro konstituciování plavecké gramotnosti. Česká kinantropologie, 16(3), 32-38.
  165. Ntoumanis, N. (2001). A self-determination approach to the understanding of motivation in physical education. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 71(2), 225-242. Go to original source...
  166. Pate, R. R., Davis, M. G., Robinson, T. N., Stone, E. J., McKenzie, T. L., & Young, J. C. (2006). Promoting physical activity in children and youth: A leadership role for schools: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism (Physical Activity Committee) in collaboration with the Councils on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young and Cardiovascular Nursing. Circulation, 114(11), 1214-1224. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.177052 Go to original source...
  167. Pate, R. R., Pratt, M., Blair, S. N., Haskell, W. L., Macera, C. A., Bouchard, C., … Wilmore, J. H. (1995). Physical activity and public health. JAMA: the Journal of American Medical Association, 273(5), 402-407. Go to original source...
  168. Pavelka, J., Sigmundová, D., Hamřík, Z., & Kalman, M. (2012). Active transport among Czech school-aged children. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis. Gymnica, 42(3), 17-26. Go to original source...
  169. Pavelková, I., & Škaloudová, A. (2006). Homogenita a heterogenita v žákovských postojích ke školním předmětům. Současné metodologické přístupy a strategie pedagogického výzkumu. Sborník příspěvků z XIV. konference ČAPV (pp. 1-15). Plzeň: Pedagogická fakulta ZČU.
  170. Pelclová, J. (2014). Pohybová aktivita v životním stylu dospělé a seniorské populace České republiky. Habilitační práce, Univerzita Palackého, Fakulta tělesné kultury, Olomouc.
  171. Peneva, B., & Bonacin, D. (2011). Conceptions about physical education at schools. Sport Science, 4(1), 40-44.
  172. Pethkar, V., Naik, S., & Sonawane, S. (2012). Relationship between students' and teachers' attitude towards physical activity and physical fitness. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 12(3), 385-390. doi:10.7752/jpes.2012.03057 Go to original source...
  173. Pfaeffli, L. A., & Gibbons, S. L. (2010). Girls getting active: Exploring a physical education program tailored to young women. PHENex Journal/Revue phénEPS, 2(3), 1-21.
  174. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. (2008). Physical activity guidelines advisory committee report, 2008. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Huma n Services.
  175. Portman, P. A. (2003). Are physical education classes encouraging students to be physically active? Experiences of ninth graders in their last semester of required physical education. Physical Educator, 60(3), 150-161.
  176. Pringle, R. (2010). Finding pleasure in physical education: A critical examination of the educative value of positive movement affects. Quest, 62(2), 119-134. doi:10.1080/00336297.2010.10483637 Go to original source...
  177. Project Play. (2015). Physical literacy in United States: A model, strategic plan, and call to action. Aspen, CO: The Aspen Institute.
  178. Průcha, J. (2009). Moderní pedagogika (4. vyd.). Praha: Portál.
  179. Pühse, U., & Gerber, M. (Eds.). (2005). International comparison of physical education: Concepts, problems, prospects. Oxford, UK: Meyer & Meyer Ltd.
  180. Richmond, M., Robinson, C., & Sachs-Israel, M. (Eds.). (2008). The global literacy challenge. Paris: UNESCO.
  181. Rintaugu, E. G., & Ngetich, E. D. K. (2012). Motivational gender differences in sport and exercise participation among university sport science students. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 12(2), 180-187.
  182. Roberts, G. (1993). Motivation in sport: Understanding and enhancing the motivation and achievement of children. In R. N. Singer, M. Murphey, & L. K. Tennant (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology (pp. 405-420). New York: Macmillan.
  183. Robinson, D. B. (2009). Understanding physical education attitudes: An investigation of students' experiences, beliefs, feelings, and motivations. Doctoral thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
  184. Rossi, T., Tinning, R., McCuaig, L., Sirna, K., & Hunter, L. (2009). With the best of intentions: A critical discourse analysis of physical education curriculum materials. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 28(1), 75-89. Go to original source...
  185. Rubín, L., Suchomel, A., & Kupr, J. (2014). Aktuální možnosti hodnocení tělesné zdatnosti u jedinců školního věku. Česká kinantropologie, 18(1), 11-22.
  186. Ruchlin, H. S., & Lachs, M. S. (1999). Prevalence and correlates of exercise among older adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 18(3), 341-357. doi:10.1177/073346489901800305 Go to original source...
  187. Rütten, A., & Abu-Omar, K. (2004). Prevalence of physical activity in the European Union. Sozial- und Präventivmedizin/Social and Preventive Medicine, 49(4), 281-289. doi:10.1007/s00038-004-3100-4 Go to original source...
  188. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.68 Go to original source...
  189. Ryan, R. M., Frederick, C. M., Lepes, D., Rubio, N., & Sheldon, K. M. (1997). Intrinsic motivation and exercise adherence. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 28(4), 335-354.
  190. Rychtecký, A., & Fialová, L. (2000). Didaktika školní tělesné výchovy. Praha: Karolinum.
  191. Sacker, A., & Cable, N. (2006). Do adolescent leisure-time physical activities foster health and well-being in adulthood? Evidence from two British birth cohorts. European Journal of Public Health, 16(3), 332-336. doi:10.1093/eurpub/cki189 Go to original source...
  192. Sallis, J. F., McKenzie, T. L., Alcaraz, J. E., Kolody, B., Faucette, N., & Hovell, M. F. (1997). The effects of a 2-year physical education program (SPARK) on physical activity and fitness in elementary school students. Sports, Play and Active Recreation for Kids. American Journal of Public Health, 87(8), 1328-1334. Go to original source...
  193. Sallis, J. F., McKenzie, T. L., Alcaraz, J. E., Kolody, B., Hovell, M. F., & Nader, P. R. (1993). Project SPARK: Effect of physical education on adiposity in children. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 699(1), 127-136. Go to original source...
  194. Sallis, J. F., McKenzie, T. L., Kolody, B., Lewis, M., Marshall, S., & Rosengard, P. (1999). Effects of health-related physical education on academic achievement: Project SPARK. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 70(2), 127-134. doi:10.1080/02701367.1999.10608030 Go to original source...
  195. Sallis, J. F., & Owen, N. (1999). Physical activity and behavioral medicine. Thousand Oaks, US: SAGE Publications.
  196. Salmon, J., Booth, M. L., Phongsavan, P., Murphy, N., & Timperio, A. (2007). Promoting physical activity participation among children and adolescents. Epidemiologic Reviews, 29(1), 144-159. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxm010 Go to original source...
  197. Samdahl, D. M., & Jekubovich, N. J. (1997). A critique of leisure constraints: Comparative analyses and understandings. Journal of Leisure Research, 29(4), 430-452. Go to original source...
  198. Sas-Nowosielski, K. (2006). Application of the theory of planned behavior in predicting leisure time physical activity of Polish adolescents. Human Movement, 7(2), 105-110.
  199. Scanlan, T. K. (1988). Social evaluation and the competition proces: A developmental perspective. In F. L. Smoll, R. A. Magill, & M. J. Ash (Eds.), Children in sport (3rd ed., pp. 135-148). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  200. Sekot, A. (2009). Pohybová aktivita versus obezita. In V. Mužík & V. Süss (Eds.), Tělesná výchova a sport mládeže v 21. století (pp. 58-66). Brno: MUNI Press.
  201. Senát Parlamentu České republiky. (2014). Pohybová gramotnost. Retrieved 4. 9. 2015, from http://www.senat.cz/xqw/xervlet/pssenat/htmlhled?action=doc&value=72572
  202. Shaw, B. A., & Spokane, L. S. (2008). Examining the association between education level and physical activity changes during early old age. Journal of Aging and Health, 20(7), 767-787. doi:10.1177/0898264308321081 Go to original source...
  203. Schofield, L., Mummery, W. K., & Schofield, G. (2005). Effects of a controlled pedometer-intervention trial for low-active adolescent girls. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 37(8), 1414-1420. doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000174889.89600.e3 Go to original source...
  204. Sigmund, E., Frömel, K., Sigmundová, D., & Skalik, K. (2009). Vliv progresivních vyučovacích jednotek tělesné výchovy na tělesné zatížení a celkové hodnocení adolescentů s nižším a vyšším sebehodnocením sportovní výkonnosti. Tělesná kultura, 32(2), 79-99. Go to original source...
  205. Sigmund, E., & Sigmundová, D. (2011). Pohybová aktivita pro podporu zdraví dětí a mládeže (1. vyd.). Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci.
  206. Sigmund, E., Sigmundová, D., Frömel, K., & Vašíčková, J. (2010). Preferred contents in physical education lessons - positively evaluated means for the achievement of a higher intensity of physical activity by girls. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis. Gymnica, 40(2), 7-16.
  207. Sigmund, E., Sigmundová, D., Šnoblová, R., Schauerová, L., Kubíková, M., Poláková, H., … Prášek, F. (2013). Příspěvek pohybové aktivity ve školní tělesné výchově k celodenní pohybové aktivitě 9 až 11letých dětí s nadváhou a obezitou. Medicina Sportiva Bohemica et Slovaca, 22(3), 145-156.
  208. Sigmundová, D., & Sigmund, E. (2012). Statistická a věcná významnost a použití koeficientů "effect size" při hodnocení dat o pohybové aktivitě. Tělesná kultura, 35(1), 55-72. Go to original source...
  209. Silverman, S. (1993). Student characteristics, practice and achievement in physical education. Journal of Educational Research, 87(1), 54-61. Go to original source...
  210. Silverman, S., & Subramaniam, P. R. (1999). Student attitude toward physical education and physical activity: A review of measurement issues and outcomes. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 19(1), 97-125. Go to original source...
  211. Singh, A., Uijtdewilligen, L., Twisk, J. R., van Mechelen, W., & Chinapaw, M. M. (2012). Physical activity and performance at school: A systematic review of the literature including a methodological quality assessment. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 166(1), 49-55. doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.716 Go to original source...
  212. Sjöström, M., Oja, P., Hagströmer, M., Smith, B. J., & Bauman, A. E. (2006). Health-enhancing physical activity across European Union countries: The Eurobarometer study. Journal of Public Health, 14(5), 291-300. doi:10.1007/s10389-006-0031-y Go to original source...
  213. Slepička, P., Hošek, V., & Hátlová, B. (2011). Psychologie sportu. Praha: Karolinum.
  214. Strecher, V. J., & Rosenstock, I. M. (Eds.). (1997). The health belief model. San Francisco, CA: Jossey- Bass, Inc.
  215. Subramaniam, P. R., & Silverman, S. (2007). Middle school students' attitudes toward physical education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 23(5), 602-611. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2007.02.003 Go to original source...
  216. Sullivan, P. J., Whitaker-Campbell, T., & MacKay, M. (2010). Physical literacy in coaching education materials: A case study of Canada basketball. Physical and Health Education Journal, 76(1), 32-35.
  217. Supaporn, S. (2000). High school students' perspectives about misbehavior. Physical Educator, 57(3), 124-135.
  218. Świderska-Kopacz, J., Marcinkowski, J., & Jankowska, K. (2008). Zachowania zdrowotne młodzieży gimnazjalnej i ich wybrane uwarunkowania. Cz. V. Aktywność fizyczna. [Health behaviour of secondary school pupils and its chosen determinants. Part V. Physical activity]. Problemy Higieny i Epidemiologii, 89(2), 246-250.
  219. Šafaříková, J. (2010). Vytváření pohybové gramotnosti žáků 1. stupně ZŠ. Tělesná výchova a sport mládeže, 76(2), 43-45.
  220. Šafr, J., & Patočková, V. (2010). Trávení volného času v České republice ve srovnání s evropskými zeměmi. Naše společnost, 2, 21-27.
  221. Šamanová, G., & Červenka, J. (2011). Czech and leisure time. SocioWeb, 7/8, 1-3.
  222. Šimůnková, I., Novotná, V., & Chrudimský, J. (2014). Vztah gymnastických činností k pohybové gramotnosti. In P. Matošková (Ed.), Fórum pedagogické kinantropologie (pp. 60-69). Praha: Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta tělesné výchov y a sportu.
  223. Šimůnková, I., Novotná, V., & Vorálková, J. (2010). Struktura složek pohybové gramotnosti pro sportovní odvětví moderní gymnastika. Studia Kinanthropologica, 11(2), 110-117. Go to original source...
  224. Špaček, O. (2009). Pohybové aktivity a sportování veřejnosti před rokem 1989 a v současnosti. Česká kinantropologie, 13(2), 67-74.
  225. Tannehill, D., Romar, J.-E., O'Sullivan, M., England, K., & Rosenberg, D. (1994). Attitudes toward physical education: Their impact on how physical education teachers make sense of their work. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 13(4), 406-420. Go to original source...
  226. Tannehill, D., & Zakrajsek, D. (1993). Student attitudes toward physical education: A multicultural study. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 13(1), 78-84. Go to original source...
  227. Taplin, L. (2011). Physical literacy. Physical Education Matters, 6(1), 7-8.
  228. Telford, D., Cunningham, R., Abhayaratna, W., Telford, R., & Olive, L. (2014). Physical activity, physical education and academic performance. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18, e65-e66. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.292 Go to original source...
  229. Temertzoglou, T. (2010). Physical literacy: Teach them to fish, feed them for life. Physical and Health Education Journal, 76(1), 36-39.
  230. Th e IPAQ group. (2013). International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Retrieved 1. 3. 2013, from https://sites.google.com/site/theipaq/
  231. Tigerstrom, B., Larre, T., & Sauder, J. (2011). Using the tax system to promote physical activity: Critical analysis of Canadian initiatives. American Journal of Public Health, 101(8), e10-e16. doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300201 Go to original source...
  232. Tod, D., Thatcher, J., & Rahman, R. (2012). Psychologie sportu. Praha: Grada Publishing, a. s.
  233. Tremblay, M., & Lloyd, M. (2010). Physical literacy measurement - The missing piece. Physical and Health Education Journal, 76(1), 26-30.
  234. Trost, S. G., Owen, N., Bauman, A. E., Sallis, J. F., & Brown, W. (2002). Correlates of adults' participation in physical activity: Review and update. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(12), 1996-2001. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000038974.76900.92 Go to original source...
  235. Trudeau, F., Laurencelle, L., Tremblay, J., Rajic, M., & Shephard, R. J. (1999). Daily primary school physical education: Effects on physical activity during adult life. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 31(1), 111-117. Go to original source...
  236. Trudeau, F., & Shephard, R. J. (2008). Physical education, school physical activity, school sports and academic performance. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5(1), 10. doi:10.1186/147 95868-5-10 Go to original source...
  237. UNESCO. (1978). International charter of physical education and sport. Paris: UNESCO.
  238. UNESCO. (1999). Third international conference of ministers and senior officials responsible for physical education and sport. Final report. Punta del Este, Urugu ay: UNESCO.
  239. UNESCO. (2005a). Aspects of literacy assessment: Topics and issues from the UNESCO expert meeting, 10-12 June, 2003. Paris: UNESCO.
  240. UNESCO. (2005b). International convention against doping in sport. Paris: UNESCO.
  241. UNESCO. (2015). Revision of the International charter of physical education and sport. Pař íž: UNESCO.
  242. United Nations General Assembly. (2001). Resolution 56/116 adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2001. United Nations Literacy Decade: Education for all. New York: United Nations.
  243. United Nations General Assembly. (2003a). Resolution 58/5 adopted by the General Assembly on 3 November 2003. Sport as a means to promote education, health, development and peace. New York: United Nations.
  244. United Nations General Assembly. (2003b). Resolution 58/6 adopted by the General Assembly on 3 November 2003. Building a peaceful and better world thought sport and the Olympic ideal. New York: United Nations.
  245. United Nations General Assembly. (2004). Resolution 59/10 adopted by the General Assembly on 27 October 2004. Sport as a means to promote education, health, development and peace. New York: United Nations.
  246. United Nations General Assembly. (2005a). Resolution 60/8 adopted by the General Assembly on 3 November 2005. Building a peaceful and better world though sport and the Olympic ideal. New York: United Nations.
  247. United Nations General Assembly. (2005b). Resolution 60/9 adopted by the General Assembly on 3 November 2005. Sport as a means to promote education, health, development and peace. New York: United Nations.
  248. van Beurden, E., Barnett, L. M., Zask, A., Dietrich, U. C., Brooks, L. O., & Beard, J. (2003). Can we skill and activate children through primary school physical education lessons? "Move it groove it" - a collaborative health promotion intervention. Preventive Medicine, 36(4), 493-501. doi:10.1016/S0091-7435(02)00044-0 Go to original source...
  249. van Sluijs, E. M. F., McMinn, A. M., & Griffin, S. J. (2007). Effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity in children and adolescents: Systematic review of controlled trials. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 335(7622), 703. doi:10.1136/bmj.39320.843947.BE Go to original source...
  250. Vašíčková, J. (2011). Physical literacy as one of key challenges in new school educational programmes in the Czech Republic. In International Physical Literacy Conference (pp. 16-18). Bedfordshire: University of Bedfordshire.
  251. Vašíčková, J. (2013). Profesionální příprava učitelů tělesné výchovy s ohledem na rozvoj pohybové gramotnosti [CD]. In M. Čuřín, V. Víška & I. Podoláková (Eds.), Sborník příspěvků z vědecké konference Gramotnost ve škole v Hradci Králové dne 28. 3. - 29. 3. 2012 (pp. 1-7). Hradec Králové: Pedagogická fakulta Univerzity Hrade c Králové.
  252. Vašíčková, J., Bláha, L., Lukavská, M., & Nykodým, J. (2010). Vědomostní test k problematice zdraví a pohybové aktivity na vybraných českých univerzitách - pilotní studie. In H. Klimtová (Ed.), Pedagogická kinantropologie - Soubor referátů z mezinárodního semináře 14.-16. 4. 2010 (pp. 12-17). Brno: Tribun EU. Go to original source...
  253. Vašíčková, J., Frömel, K., & Nykodým, J. (2008). Physical activity recommendation and its association with demographic variables in Czech university students. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis. Gymnica, 38(2), 75-84.
  254. Vašíčková, J., Groffik, D., Frömel, K., Chmelík, F., & Wasowicz, W. (2013). Determining gender differences in adolescent physical activity levels using IPAQ long form and pedometers. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 20(4), 749-755
  255. Vašíčková, J., Hollein, T., Sigmund, E., Salonna, F., Svozil, Z., & Hanuš, R. (submitted). Trends in perception of psychosocial school environment: HBSC study 2002-2014 in the Czech Republic. Central European Journal of Public Health.
  256. Vašíčková, J., Hřebíčková, H., & Groffik, D. (2014). Gender, age and body mass differences influencing the motivation for physical activity among Polish youths. Journal of Sports Science, 2(1), 1-12.
  257. Vašíčková, J., & Hřibňák, M. (2013a). Názory učitelů školní tělesné výchovy na koncept pohybové gramotnosti. In H. Klimtová (Ed.), Pedagogická kinantropologie - Soubor referátů z mezinárodního semináře konaného 3. 4. - 5. 4. 2013 (pp. 9-14). Ostrava: Tribun EU.
  258. Vašíčková, J., & Hřibňák, M. (2013b). Physical literacy from the perspective of Czech pupils and teachers: Results from a pilot study. ICSSPE Bulletin, 65, 320-324.
  259. Vašíčková, J., Chmelík, F., Frömel, K., & Neuls, F. (2009). Vztah mezi vědomostmi o problematice pohybové aktivity a realizovanou pohybovou aktivitou u středoškolských studentů. Tělesná kultura, 32(2), 33-44. Go to original source...
  260. Vašíčková, J., Neuls, F., & Frömel, K. (2010). Comprehensive test in school physical education at secondary schools in the Czech Republic - Standardization and verification. Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis. Gymnica, 40 (4), 7-14.
  261. Vašíčková, J., Neuls, F., Frömel, K., Lokvencová, P., Vašíček, J., & Skočovská, G. (2009). Zjišťování úrovně znalostí o problematice zdraví a pohybové aktivity prostřednictvím vědomostního testu na středních školách (pilotní studie). In V. Mužík & V. Süss (Eds.), Tělesná výchova a sport mládeže v 21. století (pp. 116-125). Brno: MUNI press.
  262. Vašíčková, J., Neuls, F., & Svozil, Z. (2015). Popularity of school physical education and its effect on performed number of steps. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 15(1), 40-46. doi:10.7752/jpes.2015.01007 Go to original source...
  263. Vašíčková, J., Neuls, F., & Šimůnek, A. (2014). Quantification of physical activity in physical education with regard to the content, gender and exercise intensity - using pedometers. In C. Scheuer, B. Antala & M. Holzweg (Eds.), Physical Education - Quality of Management and Teaching (pp. 98-107). Berlin: Logos Verlag.
  264. Vašíčková, J., Roberson, D. N., Jr., & Frömel, K. (2012). The education level and socio-demographic determinants of physical activity in Czech adults. Human Movement, 13(1), 54-64. doi:10.2478/v10038 -012-0005-6 Go to original source...
  265. Vašíčková, J., Svozil, Z., & Chmelík, F. (2012). Effect of intervention programme with pedometers on physical activity of adolescents. In E. M. Sebastiani & J. Cabedo (Eds.), 7th FIEP European Congress: Together for Physical Education (pp. 254-259). Barcelona: FIEP Catalunya.
  266. Vašíčková, J., Svozil, Z., Nykodým, J., Lukavská, M., & Bláha, L. (2012). Knowledge about physical activity and health in undergraduate preparation of physical education teachers at Czech universities. In J. Vašíčková & B. Antala (Eds.), Professionals and volunteers in sport and Physical Education (pp. 45-50). Bratislava: E ND, s. r. o.
  267. Verstraete, S. J. M., Cardon, G. M., De Clercq, D. L. R., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. M. (2007). Effectiveness of a two-year health-related physical education intervention in elementary schools. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 26(1), 20-34. Go to original source...
  268. Vignerová, J., Humeníkova, L., Brabec, M., Riedlová, J., & Bláha, P. (2007). Long-term changes in body weight, BMI, and adiposity rebound among children and adolescents in the Czech Republic. Economics and Human Biology, 5(3), 409-425. doi:10.1016/j.ehb.2007.07.003 Go to original source...
  269. Vincent, S. D., & Pangrazi, R. P. (2002). An examination of the activity pattern of elementary school children. Pediatric Exercise Science, 14(4), 432-441. Go to original source...
  270. Výzkumný ústav pedagogický. (2007a). Rámcový vzdělávací program pro gymnázia [Framework Education Programme for Secondary General Education]. Praha: VÚP.
  271. Výzkumný ústav pedagogický. (2007b). Rámcový vzdělávací program pro základní vzdělávání [Framework Education programme for Basic Education]. Praha: VÚP.
  272. Výzkumný ústav pedagogický. (2010). Gramotnosti ve vzdělávání. Praha: VÚP.
  273. Wang, C. K. J., & Liu, W. C. (2007). Promoting enjoyment in girls' physical education: The impact of goals, beliefs, and self-determination. European Physical Education Review, 13(2), 145-164. doi:10.1177/1356336x07076875 Go to original source...
  274. Ward, J., Wilkinson, C., Graser, S. V., & Prusak, K. A. (2008). Effects of choice on student motivation and physical activity behavior in physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 27(3), 385-398. Go to original source...
  275. Welk, G. J., & Corbin, C. B. (1995). The validity of the Tritrac-R3D activity monitor for the assessment of physical activity in children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 66(3), 202-209. Go to original source...
  276. Whitehead, M. E. (1990). Meaningful existence, embodiment and physical education. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 24 (1), 3-14. Go to original source...
  277. Whitehead, M. E. (2001). The concept of physical literacy. European Journal of Physical Education, 6(2), 127-138. doi:10.1080/1740898010060205 Go to original source...
  278. Whitehead, M. E. (2007a). Physical literacy in the context of physical education in the secondary school. Physical Education Matters, 2(2), 24-26.
  279. Whitehead, M. E. (2007b). Physical literacy: Philosophical considerations in relation to developing a sense of self, universality and propositional knowledge. Sport, Ethics and Philosophy, 1(3), 281-298. doi:10.1080/17511320701676916 Go to original source...
  280. Whitehead, M. E. (2008). National workshop on physical literacy in the early years. Physical Education Matters, 3(4), 55-57.
  281. Whitehead, M. E. (2009). Physical literacy: The way ahead. Physical Education Matters, 4(4), 20-21.
  282. Whitehead, M. E. (2010a). Physical literacy, physical competence and interaction with the environment. In M. E. Whitehead (Ed.), Physical literacy throughout the lifecourse (pp. 44-55). Oxon, UK: Routledge. Go to original source...
  283. Whitehead, M. E. (Ed.). (2010b). Physical literacy throughout the lifecourse. London, UK: Routledge.
  284. Whitehead, M. E., & Murdoch, E. (2006). Physical literacy and physical education: Conceptual mapping. Physical Education Matters, 1(1), 6-9.
  285. Wilson, D. K., Van Horn, M. L., Kitzman-Ulrich, H., Saunders, R., Pate, R., Lawman, H. G., … Addy, C. L. (2011). Results of the "Active by Choice Today" (ACT) randomized trial for increasing physical activity in low-income and minority adolescents. Health Psychology, 30(4), 463-471. doi:10.1037/a0023390 Go to original source...
  286. Woods, A. M., Bolton, K. N., Graber, K. C., & Crull, G. S. (2007). Influences of perceived motor competence and motives on children's physical activity. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 26(4), 390-403. Go to original source...
  287. World Health Organisation. (2004). Global strategy on diet, physical activity, and health. Geneva: WHO Press.
  288. World Health Organisation. (2006). Physical activity and health in Europe: Evidence for action. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
  289. World Health Organisation. (2007a). BMI-for-age boys. Retrieved 20. 03. 2013, from http://www.who.int/growthref/cht_bmifa_boys_perc_5_19years.pdf
  290. World Health Organisation. (2007b). BMI-for-age girls. Retrieved 20. 03. 2013, from http://www.who.int/growthref/cht_bmifa_girls_perc_5_19years.pdf
  291. World Health Organisation. (2007c). Nutrition, physical activity and the prevention of obesity. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office f or Europe.
  292. Yan, J. H., & McCullagh, P. (2004). Cultural influence on youth's motivation of participation in physical activity. Journal of Sport Behavior, 27(4), 378-390.
  293. Zhang, T., Solmon, M. A., Kosma, M., Carson, R. L., & Gu, X. (2011). Need support, need satisfaction, intrinsic motivation, and physical activity participation among middle school students. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 30(1), 51-68. Go to original source...
  294. Zhu, W., Safrit, M., & Cohen, A. (1999). FitSmart test user manual: High school edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.