ISBN: 978-80-244-5246-3 | DOI: 10.5507/pdf.17.24452463

Pedagogická antropologie v podmínkách současné školy

Cichá Martina, Hřivnová Michaela, Chrásková Marie, Kočí Jana, Kurková Petra, Preissová Krejčí Andrea, Sofková Tereza, Tomanová Jitka, Tománková Kristína, Zemánek Petr

This publication presents a distinctive concept of pedagogical anthropology in conditions of a contemporary school. The introductory chapter named "From Theory to Practice in Pedagogical Anthropology" is devoted to the concept of pedagogical anthropology from both - philosophical and applied (practical) – points of view. Its aim is to create a theoretical cornerstone for the following chapters, which are research oriented, and by that means to point out the possible application of anthropological knowledge in the teaching practice, in conditions of a contemporary school, not to say the contemporary society. One of the first chapters of our book is dedicated to anthropology and education and their mutual relationship, where the issue of cultural diversity and migration is accentuated. For pedagogical anthropology, the attention devoted to culture, or more precisely to cultural diversity in school environment is crucial. Therefore, the presented chapter includes researches that have a wider scope than a classroom – pupils’ homes, neighbourhoods and communities. For research work within the framework of applying anthropology into education, everything being reflected in the educational process is relevant. The following chapter is therefore dedicated to education focussing on the issue of multiculturality. It is more than clear that many demands are being placed on a nowadays teacher, all the more so on a teacher-beginner. Talking about teacher’s personality and his educational role in the 21st century, many changes have also taken place, taking into consideration not only his social status, but also the anthropological point of view. That is the reason we named the next chapter of our book "The Personality of a Teacher-Beginner from Anthropological Point of View". The topic is dealt in a complex way, using the results of a questionnaire research which enables us to reflect on roughly 300 teacher-beginners’ personal state of health, lifestyle and socio-economic background. Part of this book’s philosophy is also a strong accentuation of support of the health in the widest meaning of the phrase, starting with the individual levels of Czech educational system’s curriculum. The aim of the a chapter named "Support of Health on Individual Levels of Curriculum of the Czech Republic’s Educational System" is to introduce the implementation of support of health, health education and optimal lifestyle mainly on lower secondary schools. The individual parts of this chapter are supported by researches which had been carried out in-between the years 2011-2016 on pupils, teachers and headmasters of basic schools in the Czech Republic. After that, we concentrate on the importance of physical activity in the lives of pupils and its positive impact on their somatic and psycho-social development in the chapter of the same name. The object of the research are pupils of sport classes at basic schools in Slovak cities, attended by pupils training in different sport branches. We study somatic parameters of their growth, and also their physical constitution. Talking about psycho-social aspect, some characteristics of social interactions and features of character in the course of their development, influenced by their physical activity, are examined. Our book also deals with the issues of daily routine of pupils and students of basic and secondary schools. The chapter with this name focusses on daily routine which is an integral part of school preparations of all pupils. The parameters in question are the duration of sleep, out-of-school activities, watching TV, work with computers, reading and listening to music. Another topic which we must deal with, when talking about nowadays school, is the consumption of addictive substances by children and adolescents. The main aim of the research was to find out, whether the pupils in the Olomouc region smoke, whether they have tried smoking and as the case may be, who taught them to smoke, furthermore whether they consume alcohol, or more precisely, what are their experiences with alcohol consumption. Certain aspects of our pupils’ healthy lifestyles were put into connection with gender differences in a chapter named "Gender Differences in Certain Aspects of the Olomouc Region Pupils’ Healthy Lifestyles". This research strives to find out, what the information sources are concerning the healthy lifestyle for our respondents, mainly concerning diet, how often they eat fruit and vegetables, and how much liquids do the respondents intake a day. We were also interested in the educational reality in relation to personal satisfaction with one’s body. The next main aim in our research was to find out, how pupils from Olomouc region perceive their own body. The results enable us to influence the corresponding educational programme in an appropriate way. By extension, the substantial role of health education is a primary prevention. In the researches, we as a team have carried out, the target group were rather pupils of basic schools and students of secondary schools, but we did not omit teachers and teacher-trainees from our research as well. This manifests itself for example in the chapter dedicated to somatic research in a context of diet and moving habits of female students of education-related study branches of Palacký University in Olomouc. This part of our work is therefore focussed on teachers-to-be and their somatic composure in relation to diet and moving stereotypes. In our publication’s concept we could not omit the issues of injury prevention, as an inseparable part of health education, health support and health protection. In this sense, it is naturally very fundamental to prevent traffic accidents, and therefore we have to stress the importance of traffic education. Traffic rules are an everyday part of our lives and they concern both - adults and children and adolescents. In the chapter named "Comparison of Differences in Pupil’s Knowledge Concerning Traffic Education", we are presenting a study, where almost 300 pupils of 6th and 9th grade from the South Moravia region took part. We are comparing the differences in pupils’ knowledge concerning traffic education, taking their sex, grade and location into consideration. There is a common thread in all of the above-mentioned topics – influencing the students’ attitudes in a desirable direction – meaning the health protection, injuries and illnesses prevention, but also socio-cultural, or more precisely multicultural aspect is important, mainly in relation to elimination of the negative stereotypes and prejudices. "Intercultural Differences in University Students’ Attitudes towards Health in Context of Pedagogical Anthropology" is the name of a chapter, where we dealt with a question, whether in a nowadays society, characterized by a high rate of multiculturality, individuals of different nationality will have different attitudes, although they are close in age. The end of our book is devoted to the present and future of Czech pedagogical anthropology by extension. It reflects on the presented concept of pedagogical anthropology from theoretical as well as practical point of view, it analyses the carried-out researches, it points out their strengths and weaknesses, reveals the not answered questions, but also encourages new studies and analyses, because it could be a starting point for future researches.

1. edition, Published: 2017, publisher: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, Křížkovského 8, 771 47 Olomouc